In the realm of language learning, understanding how to express purpose is crucial for constructing meaningful and coherent sentences. Conjunctions are essential tools that help us achieve this. They link clauses and phrases, allowing us to convey why something happens or the intent behind an action. This article delves into various conjunctions that express purpose, providing examples and explanations to help language learners master their usage.
What Are Conjunctions Expressing Purpose?
Conjunctions expressing purpose are words or phrases that connect two clauses by indicating the intention or reason behind the action in the main clause. In English, these conjunctions help to answer the question “Why?” or “For what purpose?” They are integral in forming complex sentences that convey clear and precise meanings.
Common Conjunctions Expressing Purpose
Several conjunctions are frequently used to express purpose in English. Let’s explore some of the most common ones:
1. So that
2. In order that
3. In order to
4. So as to
5. For
6. To
1. So That
The conjunction “so that” is used to show the reason or purpose of an action. It often introduces a clause containing a modal verb like “can,” “could,” “will,” or “would.”
**Example:**
– She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.
– We left early so that we would avoid traffic.
In these examples, “so that” links the action in the main clause to the purpose or intended outcome in the subordinate clause.
2. In Order That
“In order that” is a slightly more formal way to express purpose. Like “so that,” it is usually followed by a clause containing a modal verb.
**Example:**
– He saved money in order that he might buy a new car.
– We are conducting a survey in order that we can improve our services.
Using “in order that” often makes the sentence sound more formal or academic.
3. In Order To
“In order to” is used to express the purpose of an action in a more straightforward manner. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive).
**Example:**
– She woke up early in order to catch the first train.
– He exercises regularly in order to stay healthy.
This conjunction is very common in both spoken and written English and is a more concise way to express purpose than “in order that.”
4. So As To
“So as to” is another conjunction that expresses purpose and is followed by the base form of the verb. It is similar to “in order to” but is often considered slightly more formal.
**Example:**
– They whispered so as to not wake the baby.
– She took notes so as to remember the lecture better.
This conjunction is useful in situations where a more formal tone is desired.
5. For
The conjunction “for” can also be used to express purpose, especially in more formal writing. It is often followed by a noun or a gerund (verb + ing form).
**Example:**
– This medicine is for relieving pain.
– We need to budget for unexpected expenses.
Using “for” to express purpose is common, especially in instructional or informational contexts.
6. To
The simplest and most common conjunction expressing purpose is “to.” It is followed by the base form of the verb and is used in everyday speech and writing.
**Example:**
– She went to the store to buy some groceries.
– He studied hard to get good grades.
The use of “to” is widespread and versatile, making it an essential part of any language learner’s toolkit.
Differences and Nuances
While the conjunctions listed above can often be used interchangeably, subtle differences in formality and emphasis can influence which one is most appropriate in a given context. Understanding these nuances can help you choose the right conjunction to express purpose effectively.
Formality
“In order that” and “so as to” are generally more formal than “so that” and “to.” When writing academic papers, official documents, or formal letters, you might prefer the former. On the other hand, “so that” and “to” are more common in everyday conversation and informal writing.
**Example:**
– Formal: The committee was established in order that it might oversee the project.
– Informal: We set up a committee so that it could manage the project.
Clarity and Emphasis
“In order that” and “in order to” can add emphasis or clarity to a sentence, especially when the purpose is complex or needs to be highlighted.
**Example:**
– She took a break in order to recover her energy.
– The new policy was implemented in order that employees would have better working conditions.
In these examples, the use of “in order to” and “in order that” adds weight to the purpose being expressed.
Using Purpose Conjunctions in Different Tenses
Conjunctions expressing purpose can be used with different tenses to convey various time frames and intentions. Below, we explore how these conjunctions function with present, past, and future tenses.
Present Tense
When expressing purpose in the present tense, conjunctions like “so that” and “to” are commonly used.
**Example:**
– Present Simple: She reads a lot so that she can improve her vocabulary.
– Present Continuous: He is studying late to prepare for the exam.
These examples show ongoing actions with a clear purpose.
Past Tense
In the past tense, purpose conjunctions often involve modal verbs like “could” or “would.”
**Example:**
– Past Simple: They moved to the countryside so that they could have a quieter life.
– Past Continuous: She was saving money in order to buy a new laptop.
These sentences describe actions taken in the past with specific intentions.
Future Tense
When talking about future intentions, conjunctions like “so that” and “in order to” are frequently used.
**Example:**
– Future Simple: He will take a course so that he can improve his skills.
– Future Continuous: We will be working hard in order to meet the deadline.
These examples illustrate planned actions with future purposes.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Language learners often make mistakes when using conjunctions to express purpose. Here are some common errors and tips to avoid them:
1. Incorrect Verb Forms
One common mistake is using the wrong verb form after a conjunction expressing purpose. Remember that “in order to,” “so as to,” and “to” should be followed by the base form of the verb.
**Incorrect:**
– She went to the store to buying groceries.
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