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Using sudah, belum for past actions Exercises in Indonesian language

Student using library computer for language translation practice.

In the Indonesian language, mastering the use of "sudah" and "belum" is essential for accurately conveying past actions and their states of completion. "Sudah" translates to "already" or "has/have," indicating that an action has been completed. On the other hand, "belum" means "not yet," signaling that an action has not been completed or has yet to occur. These terms are pivotal for constructing sentences that describe past events, and understanding their correct usage can significantly enhance your fluency and comprehension in Indonesian. Using "sudah" and "belum" correctly involves not only knowing their meanings but also understanding their placement within sentences. Typically, "sudah" is placed before the verb to indicate that the action has been completed, such as in "Saya sudah makan" (I have already eaten). Similarly, "belum" precedes the verb to show that the action has not been completed, as in "Saya belum makan" (I have not yet eaten). Through targeted practice and contextual examples, you can develop a nuanced understanding of these terms, enabling you to describe past actions with greater precision and clarity in Indonesian.

Exercise 1

1. Mereka *sudah* makan malam (past action, already). 2. Apakah kamu *sudah* menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah? (question, already). 3. Dia *belum* membaca buku itu (negative, not yet). 4. Kami *sudah* pergi ke pasar kemarin (past action, already). 5. Saya *belum* mengunjungi museum tersebut (negative, not yet). 6. Mereka *sudah* menonton film baru itu (past action, already). 7. Apakah dia *belum* tidur? (question, not yet). 8. Saya *sudah* bertemu dengan teman lama saya (past action, already). 9. Dia *belum* makan siang hari ini (negative, not yet). 10. Kami *sudah* menyelesaikan proyek itu (past action, already).

Exercise 2

1. Saya *sudah* makan siang (indicating a completed action). 2. Dia *belum* selesai mengerjakan PR (indicating an incomplete action). 3. Mereka *sudah* menonton film itu (indicating a completed action). 4. Apakah kamu *belum* mandi? (asking about an incomplete action). 5. Kami *sudah* pergi ke Bali tahun lalu (indicating a completed action). 6. Ayah *sudah* pulang dari kantor (indicating a completed action). 7. Adik *belum* membaca buku itu (indicating an incomplete action). 8. Ibu *sudah* memasak makan malam (indicating a completed action). 9. Apakah kamu *sudah* belajar untuk ujian? (asking about a completed action). 10. Mereka *belum* datang ke pesta (indicating an incomplete action).

Exercise 3

1. Saya *sudah* makan siang (past action completed). 2. Apakah kamu *sudah* mengerjakan PR? (asking if past action is done). 3. Mereka *belum* datang ke pesta (negative past action not done). 4. Dia *sudah* membaca buku itu (completed reading). 5. Kami *belum* menonton film tersebut (negative past action not done). 6. Apakah kamu *sudah* berangkat ke kantor? (asking if past action is done). 7. Anak-anak *belum* tidur (negative past action not done). 8. Ibu *sudah* memasak makan malam (completed cooking). 9. Saya *belum* melihat film itu (negative past action not done). 10. Mereka *sudah* pergi ke pasar (completed going).